To explain transgender identities, it helps to first understand the term ‘cisgender’. If you are cisgender, your gender identity matches the sex assigned to you at birth. For transgender people, this is different. There are two main types of transgender identities:

Transgender binary people
The term “binary” means two-part, and in this context, it refers to the traditional male/female categories. You are a transgender binary person if your gender identity doesn’t align with the sex assigned at birth, but you identify with the opposite binary gender instead. In other words, a trans binary person may identify as a trans man or trans woman, fitting within the male/female categories.

Transgender non-binary people
Trans non-binary people, however, don’t identify strictly within the male/female binary. Instead, their gender identity or expression exists outside of these two categories. Examples include identities such as gender-fluid, genderqueer, polygender, bigender, demigender, and agender. Each of these identities are unique. A gender-fluid person’s identity may shift between genders over time. A demigender person partially identifies with a certain gender, but not fully. Lastly, an agender person does not experience any gender. This identity is separate from the sex assigned to them at birth, although they can always influence each other.

Social transition
When someone identifies as transgender, people often assume this means they will undergo both a social and physical transition. However, for some people, a physical transition isn’t always necessary. This is where social transition plays an important role.

A social transition involves changes in daily life that don’t require any medical or physical adjustments. It’s about aligning how others perceive someone as their true gender identity. Social transition can include changing one’s name, adopting new pronouns, changing clothing style or appearance, and adjusting behaviours or roles in social contexts. Each person’s social transition is unique and can be flexible, allowing them to add or change elements as they grow more comfortable with their gender expression.

Physical transition
A physical transition, also called a medical or bodily transition, involves medical steps to change someone’s physical characteristics to better align with their gender identity. This can include hormone therapy, surgeries, or other medical procedures such as laser hair removal or voice training. Not everyone chooses or needs a physical transition—some people feel their gender identity is best reflected through social changes without physical adjustments, while others find physical changes necessary.

For some transgender and non-binary people, both social and physical transitions are important; for others, just one type of transition may feel right. The decision to pursue a social or physical transition is highly personal. Many people experience a sense of gender euphoria—positive feelings when their gender identity is affirmed—through social or physical changes. Respect and understanding of others, including the use of correct pronouns and recognizing someone’s chosen name, can make a meaningful difference, even without physical transition.

When we talk about transgender and non-binary people, terms like ‘gender dysphoria’ and ‘gender euphoria’ are often used. But what do these terms actually mean?

Gender dysphoria as a medical term
Gender dysphoria is the term used in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to describe the psychological distress that occurs when someone’s gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned at birth. Although gender dysphoria is not classified as a mental disorder, it is recognized as a diagnosis to help people access medical care if they need it. The term is used in the medical field to identify transgender and non-binary people who are eligible for gender-affirming care.

To access this care, gender dysphoria must be officially diagnosed by a psychologist or psychiatrist, who must follow the criteria in the DSM-5. This system often places gender psychologists and psychiatrists in the role of gatekeepers, meaning transgender and non-binary individuals often have to prove they are “trans enough” to receive the support needed. Many transgender and non-binary people, as well as some gender psychologists and psychiatrists, find the DSM system stigmatising and view the diagnosis requirement as an obstacle to receiving care.

In this blog, however, we want to focus on the individual experiences of gender dysphoria and gender euphoria. While we can criticise the system, we aim to make it better understandable to those who experience either discomfort or joy related to their gender identity.

The definition of gender dysphoria and gender euphoria
Gender dysphoria refers to the discomfort or psychological distress that someone feels when their gender identity doesn’t align with their assigned gender at birth. This can be both physical and social: gender dysphoria might come from feeling dissatisfied with one’s body or from social situations where a person’s gender is not recognized or affirmed.

Gender euphoria refers to the positive feelings, inner joy, and peace someone experiences when their gender identity is fully expressed. This can also be both physical and social: gender euphoria can come from physical changes that align better with one’s identity or from social recognition and validation of who someone truly is.

Examples of body dysphoria and euphoria
Body dysphoria occurs when a person feels discomfort because their body doesn’t match their gender identity. This could include feeling unhappy with one’s breasts, genitalia, or body characteristics like body hair or muscle mass that don’t align with how they see themselves. A person’s voice can also be a source of dysphoria, as well as body shapes that don’t match the desired gender identity.

Body dysphoria is generally a personal experience, but it can also occur during interactions. For example, someone might feel uncomfortable if they are touched on their shoulders or hips. In many cases, this leads to the desire for medical interventions, like surgeries or hormone treatments, to make the body align more with one’s gender experience. These physical changes can lead to body euphoria, which is the joy or satisfaction someone feels when their body or expression matches their gender identity. Examples of body euphoria include the happiness someone feels when their body changes through hormone treatment or when they feel proud and comfortable in clothing that reflects their gender identity.

Examples of social dysphoria and euphoria
Social dysphoria can occur when someone is not treated as the gender they identify with. This type of dysphoria might happen when someone is misgendered with the wrong pronouns or forced to choose between gendered spaces, such as public restrooms or changing rooms. Social euphoria happens when someone feels seen and heard by others or in certain spaces. By addressing someone with their correct name and pronouns, you contribute to the social gender euphoria of transgender and non-binary people.

Do you need to experience dysphoria to feel euphoria?
No, you don’t have to experience dysphoria to experience euphoria, or vice versa. Not everyone feels bodily or social dysphoria. For example, some demigirls and demiboys may identify with being female or male physically but not with the social gender norms, roles, and expectations attached to those identities. Cisgender people might experience gender euphoria but usually don’t experience gender dysphoria, as they typically don’t encounter situations where their gender is misinterpreted.

Not every gender identity will experience the same types of dysphoria or euphoria, as these experiences vary from person to person. For example, not all transgender men experience body dysphoria related to their primary sex characteristics. Some people think that with a certain gender identity, there should come certain expectations—for example, transgender women should have a higher voice, breasts, no facial hair, and a vulva, or non-binary people should appear androgynous and not “too masculine” or “too feminine.” These are stereotypical norms that come from the binary gender system that dominates society, and it’s important to let go of these assumptions.

Gender dysphoria and gender euphoria are personal experiences, so don’t make assumptions. What you can do is ask someone what can make them feel dysphoric and how you can contribute to their gender euphoria.

Trigger warning: This blog discusses suicide and suicide statistics.

The mental health of trans and non-binary people
A recent study (2022) by The Trevor Project reveals that 59% of transgender men and boys, 48% of transgender women and girls, and 53% of non-binary youth have considered attempting suicide. Take a moment to take that in —this means that, on average, 1 in 2 trans and non-binary youngsters find life so unbearable that they struggle with suicidal thoughts, and feel that life is hopeless. About 1 in 5 of these youths have actually attempted suicide, with 20% feeling they no longer have the will to keep fighting. Their mental health is at a critically low point. This is an issue we must tackle together.

How do these statistics compare with other groups?
You might be curious how these numbers compare to other young people. Among cisgender LGB youth (those who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual and feel comfortable with their sex assigned at birth), 1 in 10 attempt suicide. We can recognise a clear difference in mental health between LGB youth and trans and non-binary youth. Additionally, other identity-related factors affect these numbers. Queer youth who are Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) are twice as likely to attempt suicide compared to white queer youth.

What can we do to save lives?
In the Trevor Project study, trans and non-binary youth have expressed that social support from family and community makes a big difference. And that’s where each of us can help—social support is something we can offer together. One of the top five ways to provide this support is by correctly using a person’s name and pronouns. This is further supported by Trevor Project’s 2023 research, which found that trans and non-binary youth report lower rates of suicide attempts when people in their lives consistently respect their pronouns. Using correct pronouns, in this case, truly can save lives.

Beyond using someone’s pronouns respectfully yourself, you can actively contribute to normalising the use of pronouns in your surroundings. Simple proactive adjustments like introducing yourself with your pronouns, asking others for theirs, and adding your pronouns in your email, Instagram bio, or WhatsApp profile can help create a culture of acceptance that greatly supports trans and non-binary people.

Are you struggling with suicidal thoughts and need someone to talk to? Reach out to 113 for support.

*The Trevor Project is a US-based NGO with a mission to prevent suicide among LGBTQ youth. Alongside providing counselling in the U.S., they conduct large-scale research on the mental health of trans and non-binary youth. Their 2022 survey included over 30,000 LGBTQ youth, of whom 48% were trans or non-binary, 19% questioning their gender, and 33% cisgender.

*BIPOC stands for Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour. Pronounced as “bye-pock,” this term aims to centre the experiences of Black and Indigenous groups and highlight solidarity among communities of colour.

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When talking about transgender and non-binary people, you often hear the word “ally,” but what does it really mean? An ally is someone who doesn’t belong to a certain group (in this case, not a transgender person), but supports and advocates for their safety, acceptance, and rights. Transgender and non-binary people are part of a marginalised group, meaning they often have less power and fewer opportunities in society due to how it is structured. That’s why they need allies—people who help create a better society where everyone has equal chances. But how can you be a good ally?

Do’s and don’ts
Allies don’t just tolerate transgender and non-binary people; they also stand up for the community. They help make sure the community feels heard, accepted, and respected in society. Do you consider yourself an ally but aren’t sure how you can help transgender and non-binary people? Check out these tips!

Educate yourself!
As an ally, it’s important to know what you’re talking about. You can’t be an ally if you haven’t taken the time to learn. So, make sure you do your research! Reading this blog is a good first step. You can also explore other blogs and reliable sites such as Transvisie, Transgender Netwerk, or Movisie.

Don’t use transgender or non-binary people as an encyclopaedia. It’s great that you want to learn more about transgender people, but constantly bombarding someone from this community with questions can feel overwhelming. Many transgender and non-binary people regularly face inappropriate or overly personal questions. Someone’s transgender identity doesn’t always need to be the topic of conversation. It can be better to do your own research than to quiz the person directly.

Ask about personal stories
If you have a close relationship with someone who is trans or non-binary, create a safe space for them to talk about their needs, transition process, or feelings of dysphoria or euphoria. It’s also important to respect if someone doesn’t want to share their story. The goal is to provide space, not to dissect their experience. Every trans and non-binary person has their own unique story, and it’s essential to avoid assuming everyone shares the same experiences or opinions.

Pronouns, pronouns, pronouns
We all have pronouns. Use your own pronouns in places like your email, social media bio, or in conversation. When introducing yourself, try saying: “Hi, I’m … and my pronouns are she/her, what are yours?” By doing this everywhere, you create a welcoming environment where you can support trans and non-binary people. You also ensure that they don’t have to be the first to state their pronouns, normalising sharing pronouns for everyone!

Speak up about mistakes or ignorance
Many people use their lack of knowledge as an excuse to keep making mistakes. It can be tough for trans and non-binary people to face this, but allies can help. If you hear someone make a mistake, gently point it out and explain why it’s harmful. You can also help people learn how to use the right pronouns by practising talking about that person with others, alleviating some pressure for the trans or non-binary person. By doing this, you take the burden off the community.

Be aware of your own gender perceptions and stereotypes
It’s natural to want to categorise everything, but this can get in the way of seeing people for who they are. You can’t know someone’s gender identity just by looking at them or observing their behaviour. If you notice your perceptions of someone’s gender as a fact, it can lead to misgendering. Let go of these assumptions!

Support trans and non-binary rights
Support initiatives and policies that protect the rights of trans and non-binary people. This could be by signing petitions for equal access to healthcare, attending protests, or donating to organisations that serve the community. You can also make an impact by speaking up to an online store or company that only offers “Mr.” or “Ms.” as options for addressing people, or by letting a restaurant or café know if their restrooms aren’t gender-inclusive.

Being a good ally to transgender and non-binary people isn’t just about showing understanding; it’s about actively contributing to a more inclusive society where everyone feels safe and accepted. By being proactive, listening, and taking responsibility, you can help create real change and build a world where everyone—no matter their gender identity—can be themselves.